Understanding Endometriosis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a health condition where tissue, similar to the lining inside the uterus, grows outside the uterus. This tissue can cause pain, swelling, and other problems. Often, it affects the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the tissue around the pelvis. However, it can sometimes spread beyond these areas. Many women experience endometriosis during their reproductive years. Because it can cause ongoing pain and other symptoms, it is important to understand this condition.

Common Symptoms of Endometriosis

Many people with endometriosis notice symptoms that can affect daily life. However, symptoms can vary from person to person. Some may have mild signs, while others have severe discomfort. Common symptoms include:

Painful periods (cramps that may get worse over time)

Pain during or after sex

Pain with bowel movements or urination, especially during periods

Heavy menstrual bleeding or bleeding between periods

Fatigue or feeling very tired

Difficulty getting pregnant (infertility)

Lower back or pelvic pain

Sometimes, women with endometriosis have no symptoms at all. Yet, if you notice any of these signs, it is wise to talk to a doctor.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not know the exact cause of endometriosis. However, several factors may increase the risk. These include:

Family history of endometriosis

Starting periods at a young age

Short menstrual cycles (less than 27 days)

Heavy periods lasting more than seven days

Never giving birth

Other health problems that block the flow of menstrual blood

Although these factors may raise the risk, anyone can develop endometriosis. Because the cause is not fully understood, research is ongoing. (Source: CDC, WHO)

How Endometriosis is Diagnosed

Doctors use several steps to diagnose endometriosis. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Then, they may perform a physical exam. Sometimes, doctors use imaging tests, such as:

Ultrasound

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

However, the only way to confirm endometriosis is through a minor surgery called laparoscopy. During this procedure, a doctor looks inside the abdomen with a small camera. This helps them see and sometimes remove the tissue. Early diagnosis can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Treatment Options for Endometriosis

Treatment for endometriosis depends on your symptoms and plans for pregnancy. Options include:

Pain relief medicines, such as ibuprofen

Hormone therapy to slow tissue growth

Birth control pills or other hormone-based treatments

Surgery to remove endometriosis tissue

Fertility treatments if you want to become pregnant

Because each person is different, your doctor will help choose the best treatment. Sometimes, a mix of treatments works best. (Source: CDC, WHO)

Lifestyle Tips and Self-Care

Living with endometriosis can be challenging. However, some lifestyle changes may help manage symptoms. Try these tips:

Use heat packs to ease cramps

Exercise regularly to reduce pain and stress

Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables

Practice relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or yoga

Track your symptoms in a journal

Although these steps may not cure endometriosis, they can improve comfort and well-being.

Prevention and When to See a Doctor

Currently, there is no sure way to prevent endometriosis. However, early treatment can help control symptoms and lower the risk of problems. See a doctor if you notice:

Severe or worsening pelvic pain

Heavy or unusual bleeding

Pain during sex or bowel movements

Difficulty getting pregnant

Because these symptoms can have other causes, a doctor can help find the reason and suggest the right care.

Consult a specialist at Starling Children’s Hospital for personalized guidance.