What is Miscarriage? Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Support

What is Miscarriage?

Miscarriage is the loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks. It is also called early pregnancy loss. Many women experience miscarriage, and it is more common than most people think. According to the CDC, about 10 to 20 percent of known pregnancies end in miscarriage. However, the real number may be higher because some miscarriages happen before a woman knows she is pregnant. Even though miscarriage can be upsetting, it is rarely caused by something a woman did or did not do.

Common Causes of Miscarriage

There are many reasons why miscarriage can happen. Sometimes, the exact cause is not known. Still, some common causes include:

Chromosome problems: Most miscarriages happen because the baby does not develop normally. This is often due to problems with the baby’s chromosomes, which carry genetic information.

Health conditions: Some health issues in the mother, such as diabetes or thyroid disease, can raise the risk.

Infections: Certain infections can affect pregnancy and lead to miscarriage.

Problems with the uterus or cervix: Issues like a weak cervix or abnormal shape of the uterus can sometimes cause pregnancy loss.

Lifestyle factors: Smoking, drinking alcohol, or using drugs can increase the risk.

Even so, most women who have a miscarriage go on to have healthy pregnancies later.

Symptoms and Warning Signs

It is important to know the signs of miscarriage. While some women may not notice any symptoms, others may experience:

Vaginal bleeding or spotting

Cramping or pain in the lower belly

Passing tissue or clots from the vagina

A sudden decrease in pregnancy symptoms, such as breast tenderness

However, light spotting can be normal in early pregnancy. If you notice any of these signs, contact your doctor right away. Early care can help you get the support you need.

How is Miscarriage Diagnosed?

Doctors use a few methods to diagnose miscarriage. First, they may ask about your symptoms and do a physical exam. Next, they may order an ultrasound to check for the baby’s heartbeat and growth. Blood tests can also help by measuring pregnancy hormone levels. Sometimes, more than one test is needed to confirm a miscarriage. Quick diagnosis is important so you can get the right care.

Emotional and Physical Recovery

After a miscarriage, both your body and emotions need time to heal. Physically, most women recover in a few weeks. Your period may return in four to six weeks. Emotionally, recovery can take longer. It is normal to feel sad, angry, or confused. You may also feel guilty, but remember, most miscarriages are not anyone’s fault. Support from family, friends, or a counselor can help. Many hospitals and clinics offer pregnancy loss support groups. Talking about your feelings is an important part of healing.

Prevention and When to Seek Help

While not all miscarriages can be prevented, you can lower your risk by:

Getting regular prenatal care

Eating a healthy diet

Avoiding smoking, alcohol, and drugs

Managing health conditions like diabetes

Washing hands often to avoid infections

Still, if you have had more than one miscarriage, talk to your doctor. They may suggest tests to find out why. Always seek help if you have heavy bleeding, severe pain, fever, or feel very unwell. Early care can prevent complications and help you recover faster.

If you have concerns about miscarriage or pregnancy loss, consult Dr. Deepa Ganji for personalized advice.